Resistance element for incandescent lamps



F. J. ROSENBLATT 3,142,031

RESISTANCE ELEMENT FOR INCANDESCENT LAMPS Filed July so, 1963 July 21, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 F/GZI L FE 40o AOLTS z, RATED LIFE 80 I00 I20 I40 Z, RATED VOLTS INVENTOR. 1km me flawwa44rr ES g July 21, 1964 F. J. ROSENBLATT 3,142,031

RESISTANCE ELEMENT FOR INCANDESCENT LAMPS Filed July 30, 1963 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 211/ INVENTOR. @AMK /0JMez4 T7 United States Patent 3,142,031 RESHSTANCE ELEMENT FOR INCANDESCENT LAMPS Frank J. Rosenblatt, 1945 Vyse Ave, Bronx 60, N.Y. Filed July 30, 1963, Ser. No. 298,767 9 Claims. (Cl. 338219) The present invention relates generally to incandescent light bulbs and particularly to an attachment for use with a conventional household light bulb for extending the useful life thereof.

It is well known that the useful life of incandescent light bulbs may be extended by operating the light bulbs at less than their rated voltages. This is due to the fact that when the filament of a light bulb is operating at a reduced voltage, the temperature is less than that when it is operating at the rated design voltage. It is possible to obtain marked increases within useful life for relatively low reductions of operating voltage. For example, it has been determined that operation at a five percent reduction in voltage from the rated design voltage will be effective to extend lamp life approximately twofold. Operations at a ten percent reduction from the rated design voltage will result in an increased lamp life of approximately fourfold.

Advantage has been taken of this phenomenon in industry for some time. For example, in installations wherein extremely long bulb life is desired, such as in instrument panel lights, light bulbs are used at voltage values far below their rated design values. Although used in industry, the phenomenon of increased life resulting from lowered voltage has not been employed in ordinary household use due to the unfulfilled need for a safe, economical and convenient attachment to provide such a lowered operating voltage.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a resistance attachment for a standard household incandescent light bulb which will be eifective to lower the delivered voltage to the bulb. Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device which is easily and releasably attached to the base of the bulb and which contains a resistance element which is in a series circuit with the filament of the bulb.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide such a resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb wherein resilient means are provided to accommodate any mechanical misalignment or irregularity which may occur between the lamp bulb and the lamp socket such that positive and correct electrical contact is achieved. It is further within the object of the present invention to provide such an attachment with a releasable securement means whereby the attachment may be applied to one light bulb, used for the life of the light bulb, removed therefrom and applied to a new light bulb.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided such a resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb such that the bulb may be operated at a reduced voltage. The attachment comprises a ceramic body having a centrally located socket-engaging contact at its lower end and a lamp-engaging contact centrally located at the top of the body. A resistance element is secured within the ceramic body and is interconnected between the two contacts to produce a voltage drop between the contacts when current is passed through said resistance element. A lamp base seat, of a shape corresponding to the annular shape of the bottom of a standard light bulb, is provided at the top of the resistance attachment and has a layer of pressure sensitive, non-drying adhesive for releasably securing the attachment to an incandescent light bulb. Resilient means are provided within the attachment to allow movement between the light bulb and the attachment body such that the attachment device may be adhesively secured to a light bulb with the center contact of the light bulb extending through the seat into firm electrical engagement with the lamp-engaging contact and such that the light bulb, with the attachment secured to the bottom thereof, may be threaded into a standard socket for use in the ordinary manner.

The above brief description, as well as further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be best understood by reference to the following detailed description of several embodiments of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a graph of percentage rated volts of a light bulb versus percentage rated life illustrating the relationship therebetween;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a standard incandescent light bulb in elevation with portions broken away and a sectional View of a first embodiment of a resistance attachment according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 1 illustrating the device as attached to a standard light bulb and positioned within a standard socket, which socket is shown in phantom;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating the electrical circuit provided by the resistance attachment according to the present invention in combination with a standard incandescent light bulb and a standard socket;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view illustrating another resistance attachment according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a still further embodiment of a resistance attachment according to the present invention utilizing a coil spring as a resilient element between the body and the lamp base seat;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a device similar to the device illustrated in FIG. 6 showing a variation in the form of contacts employed;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a device similar to a device shown in FIG. 6 illustrating a still further variation in the form of contacts employed;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged detailed sectional view of one means of securing the coil spring resilient elements in the devices of FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 and;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating a second attachment means for the coil spring resilient elements illustrated in the devices of FIGS. 6, 7 and 8.

Referring now to the drawings, and specifically to FIG. 1, the graph shows a curve of percentage of rated volts of a standard incandescent light bulb on the horizontal axis and percentage of rated life on the vertical axis. It is seen that relatively small percentage decreases in applied voltage below the rated voltage produces markedly increased life.

Now referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a resistance attachment according to the present invention, generally designated by the numeral 10, in alignment with a conventional incandescent light bulb 12. The light bulb includes the normal glass envelope 14 encasing the filament and filament-supporting wires 16, a threaded base 18 which is electrically secured to one of the two filament wires 16, an insulating portion 20 and a central contact 22 at the base of the lamp 12 which is electrically connected to the other of the two filament-supporting wires 16.

The attachment 10, best seen in the enlarged view of FIG. 3, includes a body 24 of ceramic material which is formed from a ceramic shell 26 and a ceramic filler 28 within the shell 26. The ceramic shell 26 is of an external diameter which is less than the maximum minor diameter of the threads of a conventional socket, such as the socket 30 illustrated in FIG. 3 in phantom, to insure that the attachment device 19 may be placed into and removed from the socket.

Positioned within the shell 26 is a resistance element which may be formed of an inert core 34 and a wrappedaround, high resistance, wire 36 of a material such as Nichrome. Attachment is made to the resistance element 32 by a first lead 38 which is crimped around the resistance element at one end and which projects outwardly from an opening 40 at the center of the bottom of the shell 26, through an outer contact or socket-engaging contact 42 and is secured thereto by solder 44. The contact 42 may be conveniently anchored to the bottom of the ceramic shell 26 by adhesive material between the contact 42 and mating depression formed on the outer surface of the shell 26. The other end of the resistance element 32 is similarly connected to a second lead wire 46 crimped about the resistance element 32 and extending to the upper end of the central axis of the device. The second contact wire 46 extends through an axial opening in the inner contact or a lamp-engaging contact 48 and is connected thereto by solder 50. The lampengaging contact 48 is mounted in a complementary depression in the filler 28 of the ceramic body 24, which filler is formed within shell 26 after the resistance element 32 an its associated lead wires 38, 46 are positioned in place. The upper surface of the body 24 is formed with a generally truncated conical depression 52 which provides sufiicient clearance for the protruding insulated portion 20 and contact 22 of the bulb 12 such that the contact 22 may be engaged with the bulb-engaging contact 48.

Along the upper and outer edge of the attachment there is formed an annularly-shaped lamp base receiving seat 54 which is adapted to mate with the lower edge of the base 18 of the light bulb 12. The seat 54 is formed with a pressure sensitive non-drying adhesive layer 56 such that the seat 54 may be releasably attached to the bulb 12. In the illustrative embodiment of FIGS. 2 and 3, the seat 54- is formed at an upper surface of a resilient annular member 58 which is secured adhesively at 60 to the top of the body 24. The resilient member 58 may be advantageously formed of a sponge rubber of the silicone type which provides resilient characteristics, long-life and electrical resistance.

Further understanding of the attachment 10 may be had by considering the following description of the use and operation of the device. The attachment device 11) may be applied to a light bulb 12 by bringing the two elements into contact with the annular seat 54 engaged about the lower and outer edge of the base 18 of the light bulb 12. Due to the cooperating shapes of the two contacting parts and the pressure sensitive adhesive 56, the elements will be adhesively secured together. The protruding insulated portion 20 of the light bulb 12 and the central contact 22 extend through seat 54 toward the bulb-engaging contact 48 of the device 10. As the bulb 12 is screwed into the typical socket, such as the socket 30, the lower contact 42 engages with the central contact 62 of the socket preventing further downward movment of the resistance attachment 10. Further screwing of the bulb 12 is effective to compress the resilient material 58, and to further bond the adhesion between the seat 54 and the base 18 of the bulb. As the bulb is tightened into the socket 30, the resilient material 58 is compressed (compare FIGS. 2 and 3), thus bringing the central lamp contact 22 into engagement with the upper bulb-engaging contact 48 of the attachment device 10. A firm mechanical and electrical contact is made to the various elements by the pressure applied from the threaded mating portions of the bulb base 18 and the socket 30 and any irregularities or misalignments are compensated for by the resilient characteristics of the annular member 58.

Referring now to FIG. 4, there is a schematic and diagrammatic showing of the bulb 12,the resistance attachment 10 and the socket 30. Specifically, at the left there is shown a first power line, designated L which is connected to the central Contact 62 of the conventional socket. The contact 62 is engaged against the lower contact 42 of the attachment 16 which, through the wire 38, is connected to the resistance element 32. In turn, the resistance element 32 is connected through the second lead 46 to the bulb-engaging contact 48. In FIG. 4, the second contact 48 is schematically illustrated as being a resilient element (see FIGS. 5 and 8 below) and is schematically illustrative of the resilient member 58 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, as well as FIGS. 6, 7, 9 and 10. The contact 48 of the device 10 is shown engaged with the contact 22 of the bulb 12 which is connected to one of the filament wires 16 entering the glass envelope 14. The second filament wire 16 then exits from the glass envelope 14 and is engaged with the outer contact base 18 of the light bulb which is in contact with the outer conductive shell of socket 30 which is in turn connected with the second power line L In the resistance attachment device 10 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, resilient means are provided for the engagement of the lamp contact 22 with the central lampengaging contact 48 of the attachment 10. The resilient means in the attachment 10 comprise the annular member 58 which serves essentially to provide a spring element for the engagement of the cooperating contacts 48, 22. Furthermore, the resilient element 58 is effective to provide a resilient mount for the socket-engaging contact 44 with the socket contact 62 since the body 24 of the attachment 1% and the contact 44, which is ridged with the body 111, are essentially mounted on the lamp base 18 through the resilient member 58. Of course, other forms of resilient mounting means may be provided to achieve a resilient or flexible engagement of the contacts of the attachment 111 with the respective lamp contacts and socket contacts. Other examples of these resilient means are illustrated in FIGS. 5 through 10.

Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown a resistance attachment 118 having a body 124 which includes a shell 126 and a ceramic filler 128 cast within the shell 126 in generally similar form to that of the device 11). Housed within the ceramic shell 126 and encapsulated by the filler 128 is a resistance unit 132 including a non-conductive core 134 and a coiled resistance wire 136. A lead wire 138 is crimped at one of its ends about the resistance element 132 and at the other end extends outwardly through a central opening 140 through the socketengaging contact 142 and is secured thereto by means such as the solder 144 thus forming a contact of the attachment which is adapted to engage the central contact of the standard light bulb socket.

A second lead wire 146 is crimped about the other end of the resistance element 132 and extends to a resilient contact 148 which is adapted to engage and be elastically deformed by the central contact of the light bulb. The element 148 has an extending base portion 148a to which is attached a lead wire 146 by any convenient means such as the solder indicated in FIG. 5. The base portion 148a of the contact 148 is secured within a complementary opening in the body 124 of the attachment 110 by a mass of material such as ceramic putty 128a in FIG. 5 which forms a portion of the ceramic filler 128. At the end opposite the extension 148a, the contact 148 is slightly curved and extends over the central axis of the attachment 110 to provide a resilient contact for the central contact 22 of the light bulb 12. As seen in FIG. 5, the contact 148 is deformed by its engagement with the contact 22 of the light bulb 12. At its upper end, and secured directly to the body 124, is a light bulb base seat 154 which is formed with a layer of pressure sensitive, non-drying adhesive 156 such that the attachment 110 may be intimately and removably secured to the base of a standard light bulb. As shown in FIG. 5, when a light bulb 12 is engaged with the attachment 110, the contact 148 is engaged with the central contact 22 of the light bulb by deformation of the contact 148 to insure a firm electrical engagement.

And now referring to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, there are shown three embodiments of resistance attachments according to the present invention wherein coil springs are employed as resilient elements generally analogous to the resilient element 58 of the device 10. Specifically, in FIG. 6, there is shown an attachment device 210 including a body 224 having a ceramic shell 226 which is filled with a ceramic filler 228. A resistance element 232 is housed within the shell 226 and encapsulated by the tiller 228 and includes a core 234 and a wrapped-around resistance Wire 236. A first contact 238 is crimped around and electrically connected to the element 232 at one end and is secured through the central opening 240 to the socketengaging contact 242 by means such as the solder 244. A second wire 246 is secured to the other end of the resistance element 232 and to the lamp-engaging socket 248 by the solder 250. As thus far described, the attachment 210 is essentially identical to the attachment 10.

The lamp base-engaging seat 254 of the device 210 is formed of an annular curved member 255 which is covered with a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive 256 to effect releasable adhesive engagement with the lamp base of a typical incandescent bulb. The seat 254 is supported on the body 224 by means of a coil spring 258, the mounting of which is shown in detail in FIG. 9. The coil spring 258 is a resilient coupling between the seat 254 and the body 224 and is mounted thereon by means such as the weld indicated at 270 interconnecting the top of the spring 258 with the seat member 255 and the corresponding weld 272 connecting the bottom of the spring 258 with the metallic ring 274. The metallic ring 274 is then engaged by means such as the adhesive 276 to an appropriately mating cutout portion of the body 224. Thus, the bulb-receiving seat 254 is resiliently mounted on and interconnected with the body 224 of the device 210 such that after securement of the attachment device 210 to the bulb, a resilient engagement is made between the bulb and the socket-engaging contact 242 and then between the bulb-engaging contact 248 and the central contact of the bulb in a manner generally similar to the device 10.

FIG. 7 illustrates a resistance attachment, generally designated by the numeral 310, which is generally similar to the device 210 and is identical thereto with the exception of two constructions. Due to the similar structures, only the two points of distinction will be discussed and numerically designated in the drawings. Specifically, the spring element 258 of the device 310 is attached to the body 324 by engagement in a V-shaped annular groove 378 as best seen in FIG. 10. This interconnection is effective to replace the weld 272, the ring number 274 and the adhesive securement 276 of the device 210 illustrated in FIG. 9. It should be realized that the snap attachment illustrated in FIG. 10 is an extremely simple device having advantageous manufacturing possibilities.

The second distinction between the device 310 shown in FIG. 7 and the device 210 shown in FIG. 6 resides in the socket-engaging contact 342 at the base of the body 324. Referring to FIG. 6, it is noted that the contact 242 is a rigid member immovably secured to the body 224. In the device 310, the socket-engaging contact 342 is itself a resilient element which has a main portion 342 and a subsidiary mounting portion 325 which is received within a complementary opening formed in the body 324 and secured therein by ceramic putty 328a. Contact is made between the lead wire 338 secured to the resistance element and the contact 342 by appropriate solder means as illustrated in FIG. 7. The L-shaped construction of the extension 325 of the contact 324, the mating configuration of the opening formed in the body 324 and the ceramic putty 328a are effective to rigidly mount the contact 342 on the body 324. The construction of the contact 342 provides for resilient movement of the main portion of the contact such that elastic deformation occurs as the bulb to which the device 310 is secured is screwed into a conventional lamp socket thus providing a still further assurance of accurate and firm electrical engagement between the contact 324 and the central contact of the lamp socket.

In FIG. 8, there is shown an attachment device 410 generally similar to the devices 310 and 210 and in which the resilient coil spring is mounted in a manner identical with that shown in FIGS. 7 and 10. Further, the lower contact or the socket-engaging contact of the attachment 410 is identical with that shown in FIG. 6 in the device 210. The device 410 incorporates a bulb-engaging contact 448 which differs from those of the devices 210, 310 and which is identical to that of the device illustrated in FIG. 5. Specifically, the contact 448 is a resilient member having a base extension 448a mounted in a depression formed in a body filler 428 which, after the extension 448a is placed therein, is filled with a ceramic putty 428a securely engaging the contact 448 within the body 424. The main portion of the contact 448 is generally curved and extends over the axis of the attachment 410 and is in position to be deflected by the central contact of an incandescent bulb seated within the seat 254 upon compression of the resilient spring member. Electrical connection is obtained between the resistance element 432 and the contact 448 by a connecting wire 446 crimped around the element 432 and soldered to the extension 448a as shown in FIG. 8. The resiliency of contact 448 provides further assurance of firm electrical interengagement between the light bulb and the resistance attachment 410.

It will be further appreciated that the particular individual contacts as illustrated at FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 may be employed in other combinations than those shown wherein in addition to, or in substitution for resilient spring member 258, one or more resilient contacts may be provided to provide resilient interengagement of resistance attachment devices with the central contacts of standard electric light bulbs and the central contacts of the standard light bulb sockets.

It will be appreciated that there is provided in accordance with the present invention releasably adhesive and resilient constructions for electrical resistance attachment units for operation with ordinary incandescent household lamps providing convenient means for operating such lamps at voltages lower than their rated voltage thereby to increase operating life. The attachments according to the present invention provide means whereby they may be releasably attached to light bulbs and used on successive light bulbs as each one wears out. Furthermore, the devices according to the present invention include resilient means to assure the accurate positive electrical and mechanical interengagement between the attachment devices, the light bulbs and the light bulb sockets thus providing a high degree of reliability and operation and ease of insulation. Furthermore, the constructions according to the present invention provide advantages by way of easy and reliable manufacture.

Although a number of embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated herein, other variations may be contemplated without departing from the concepts of the invention. Therefore, the following claims should be interpreted broadly, in a manner consistent with the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim is:

1. A resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb for operating same at a reduced voltage comprising a body formed of non-conductive material, a socket engaging contact centrally located at the bottom of said body for engagement with the center contact of a lamp socket, a lamp-engaging contact centrally located at the top of said body, a resistance element secured within said body and interconnected between said contacts for producing a voltage drop between said contacts when current is passed through said resistance, a lamp base-receiving seat shaped to engage the lower annular edge of the base of a standard incandescent light bulb, resilient interconnecting means between said seat and said body, and a pressure sensitive, non-drying adhesive on said seat for releasably adhering said attachment to an incandescent light bulb for positioning said attachment between said incandescent light bulb and the center contact of a lamp socket and placing said resistance in series between said socket contact and the central contact of a standard incandescent light bulb.

2. A resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb for operating same at a reduced voltage comprising a body formed of non-conductive material, a socketengaging contact centrally located at the bottom of said body for engagement with the central contact of a lamp socket, a lamp-engaging contact centrally located at the top of said body for engagement with the central contact of a standard incandescent light bulb, a resistance element secured within said body and interconnected between said contacts for producing a voltage drop between said contacts when current is passed through said resistance, a lamp base-receiving seat shaped to engage the lower annular edge of a standard incandescent light bulb, a pressure sensitive, non-drying adhesive on said seat for releasably adhering said attachment to the lower annular edge of an incandescent light bulb for positioning said attachment between said incandescent light bulb and the center contact of a lamp socket, and resilient means mounting at least one of said lamp base-receiving seat and said lamp-engaging contact on said body for resiliently positioning said attachment between the central contact of a standard incandescent light bulb and the central contact of a lamp socket.

3. A resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb for operating same at a reduced voltage comprising a ceramic body, a socket-engaging contact centrally located at the bottom of said body for engagement with the center contact of a lamp socket, a lamp-engaging contact centrally located at the top of said body, at least one of said contacts being resiliently mounted on said body for resiliently engaging said contacts with the respective cooperating lamp and socket contacts, a resistance element secured within said body and interconnected between said contacts for producing a voltage drop between said contacts when current is passed through said resistance, a lamp base-receiving seat shaped to engage the lower annular edge of a base of a standard incandescent light bulb, resilient interconnecting means between said seat and said body, and a pressure sensitive, non-drying adhesive on said seat for releasably adhering said attachment to the lower annular edge of an incandescent light bulb for positioning said attachment between said incandescent light bulb and the center contact of a lamp socket and placing said resistance in series therebetween.

4. A resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb for operating same at a reduced voltage comprising a ceramic body, a socket-engaging contact centrally located at the bottom of said body for engagement with 5% the center contact of a lamp socket, a lamp-engaging con tact centrally located at the top of said body, at least one of said contacts being resiliently mounted on said body for resiliently engaging said contacts with the respective cooperating lamp and socket contacts, a resistance element secured within said body and interconnected between said contacts for producing a voltage drop between said contacts when current is passed through said resistance, a lamp base-receiving seat shaped to engage ti e lower annular edge of a base of a standard incandescent light bulb, and a pressure sensitive, non-drying adhesive on said heat for releasably adhering said attachment to the lower annular edge of an incandescent light bulb for positioning said attachment between said incandescent light bulb and the center contact of a lamp socket and placing said resistance in series therebetween.

5. A resistance attachment according to claim 3 wherein the resilient interconnecting means between the lamp base-receiving seat and the body is a coil spring.

6. A resistance attachment according to claim 5 wherein the body has an annular groove formed therein and wherein the coil spring is snapped into said annular groove.

7. A resistance attachment for an incandescent light bulb for operating same at a reduced voltage comprising a ceramic body, a socket-engaging contact centrally located at the bottom of said body for engagement with the central contact of a lamp socket, a lamp-engaging contact centrally located at the top of said body for engagement with the central contact of a standard incandescent light bulb, a resistance element secured within said body and interconnected between said contacts for producing a voltage drop between said contacts when current is passed through said resistance, a lamp-receiving seat shaped to engage the lower annular edge of a standard incandescent light bulb, a pressure sensitive, nondrying adhesive on said seat for releasably adhering said attachment to the lower annular edge of an incandescent light bulb for positioning said attachment between said incandescent light bulb and the center contact of a lamp socket, and resilient means mounting at least one of said lamp base-receiving seat and said lamp-engaging contact on said body for resiliently engaging said lamp-engaging contact with the central contact of a standard incandescent light bulb when said attachment is releasably adhered to said bulb.

8. A resistance attachment according to claim 2 wherein said body is formed of a ceramic shell having a bottom, side walls and an open top, and a ceramic fill within said shell encapsulating said resistance element.

9. A resistance attachment according to claim 3 wherein said body is formed of a ceramic shell having a bottom, side walls and an open top, and a ceramic fill within said shell encapsulating said resistance element.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,228,635 Alexander June 5, 1917 2,317,157 Webb Apr. 20, 1943 2,675,452 McMahan Apr. 13, 1954 

1. A RESISTANCE ATTACHMENT FOR AN INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB FOR OPERATING SAME AT A REDUCED VOLTAGE COMPRISING A BODY FORMED OF NON-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL, A SOCKETENGAGING CONTACT CENTRALLY LOCATED AT THE BOTTOM OF SAID BODY FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH THE CENTER CONTACT OF A LAMP SOCKET, A LAMP-ENGAGING CONTACT CENTRALLY LOCATED AT THE TOP OF SAID BODY, A RESISTANCE ELEMENT SECURED WITHIN SAID BODY AND INTERCONNECTED BETWEEN SAID CONTACTS FOR PRODUCING A VOLTAGE DROP BETWEEN SAID CONTACTS WHEN CURRENT IS PASSED THROUGH SAID RESISTANCE, A LAMP BASE-RECEIVING SEAT SHAPED TO ENGAGE THE LOWER ANNULAR EDGE OF THE BASE OF A STANDARD INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB, RESILIENT INTERCONNECTING MEANS BETWEEN SAID SEAT AND SAID BODY, AND A PRESSURE SENSITIVE, NON-DRYING ADHESIVE ON SAID SEAT FOR RELEASABLY ADHERING SAID ATTACHMENT TO AN INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB FOR POSITIONING SAID ATTACHMENT BETWEEN SAID INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB AND THE CENTER CONTACT OF A LAMP SOCKET AND PLACING SAID RESISTANCE IN SERIES BETWEEN SAID SOCKET CONTACT AND THE CENTRAL CONTACT OF A STANDARD INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB. 